4. Ibid., pp. 107-108.

5. E. PITTARD, Race and History, p. 49.

6. F. HERTZ, Rasse und Kultur, pp. 241 and 157.

7. F. G. PARSONS, J. Roy. Anthrop. Inst. Gr. Britain & Ire

land (1919), pp. 20ff.

8. F. BOAS, Changes in Bodily Form, pp. 7f. and 52.

9. D. YOUNG, J. Abnorm. & Soc. Psych. (1927), Vol. 22, No. 3,

pp. 239ff.

10. R. B. BEAN, "The Negro Brain," Century Magazine, 1906, pp. 778-784.

11. K. PEARSON, quoted by Hankins, Racial Basis of Civilization, p. 315.

12. S. B. HUNT, "The Negro as a Soldier," Anthrop. Rev., Vol. 7, p. 1869.

13. F. H. HANKINS, Racial Basis of Civilization. The chapter, "Are Races Equal?" contains summary of all these findings.

14. Nat. Acad. Sci. Biog. Mem., Vol. 15 (1921), pp. 764ff. See also H. M. Bond, "What the Army Mental Tests Measured," Opportunity, July, 1924.

15. Information Service, No. 26 (June 27, 1925).

16. Opportunity, July, 1927, pp. 190ff.

17. M. J. HERSKOVITS, The American Negro, p. 9.

18. J. E. GREGG, Southern Workman, Feb. 1925.

19. H. H. JOHNSTON, The Negro in the New World, pp. 29-30.

20. W. SCHEIDT, Allgemeine Rassenkunde contains a full sum

mary of evidence as to human hybrids.

21. A. HRDLICKA, The Old Americans, pp. 46 and 27.

22. G. TAYLOR, Environment and Race, p. 45.

23. R. B. DIXON, op. cit., p. 523.

PART IV

PHYSICS AND POLITICS

CHAPTER XV

IS CIVILIZATION SELF-DESTRUCTIVE?

My grandad, viewing earth's worn cogs,
Said things were going to the dogs.
His grandad in his house of logs
Said things were going to the dogs.
His grandad in the Flemish bogs
Said things were going to the dogs.
His grandad in his old skin togs

Said things were going to the dogs.
There's one thing that I have to state:
The dogs have had a good, long wait.
-UNKNOWN

Closely related to the topic just discussed yet distinct enough to justify separate treatment, is the charge that civilization inevitably tends to destroy itself. The issues involved are so important that the charges cannot be ignored.

DEGENERATIVE FACTORS IN MODERN CIVILIZATION

Counterselection

A generation ago Henry Drummond 1 argued that man was upsetting the process of natural selection in ways unsuspected. The invention of tools had more or less equalized the earning capacity of men regardless of the shape of their hands, whether long and narrow or short and stumpy so that both types accomplished the same results. The invention of glasses had put the nearsighted or astigmatic man on a basis of equality with the man of good eyes in so far as vision was concerned. Drummond thought that these inventions worked against natural selection by checking