The Problem of LogicA. and C. Black, 1908 - 500 من الصفحات |
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عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
abstract accepted affirmative Algol antecedent application argument assertion called Carveth Read categorical categorical proposition causal cause Classification concept conclusion connexion contradictory Contrapositive Deductive Deductive Inference defined definition differentia Dilemma disjunctive proposition distinction division Earth effect Enthymeme Enumerative Induction essential exclusive explanation expressed fact fallacy figure Formal genus given Hence hypothesis hypothetical Hypothetical Syllogism ibid idea ideal Identity illicit major implied important indeterminate Inductive Inference instances interest is-not J. S. Mill Laws of Thought major premiss meaning Method of Difference Mill Mill's Modus Tollens nature negative object observation obverse P's are S's particular plants point of view positive possible postulate precisely predicate principle purpose question reasoning reference rejected relation relevant Rule S's are P's S's are-not P's Science scientific sense Sorites species statement summum genus Syllogism term theory tion triangle true truth undistributed universal valid verification vide word
مقاطع مشهورة
الصفحة 314 - I happened to read for amusement ' Malthus on Population,' and being well prepared to appreciate the struggle for existence which everywhere goes on from long-continued observation of the habits of animals and plants, it at once struck me that under these circumstances favourable variations would tend to be preserved, and unfavourable ones to be destroyed. The result of this would be the formation of new species. Here then I had at last got a theory by which to work...
الصفحة 315 - I have steadily endeavoured to keep my mind free so as to give up any hypothesis, however much beloved (and I cannot resist forming one on every subject), as soon as facts are shown to be opposed to it.
الصفحة 391 - I had, also, during many years followed a golden rule, namely, that whenever a published fact, a new observation or thought came across me, which was opposed to my general results, to make a memorandum of it without fail and at once; for I had found by experience that such facts and thoughts were far more apt to escape from the memory than favorable ones.
الصفحة 283 - The only proof capable of being given that an object is visible, is that people actually see it; the only proof that a sound is audible, is that people hear it: and so of the other sources of our experience.
الصفحة 417 - Whatever phenomenon varies in any manner, whenever another phenomenon varies in some particular manner, is either a cause or an effect of that phenomenon, or is connected with it through some fact of causation.
الصفحة 379 - The Law of Causation, the recognition of which is the main pillar of inductive science, is but the familiar truth that invariability of succession is found by observation to obtain between every fact in nature and some other fact which has preceded It...
الصفحة 314 - I worked on true Baconian principles, and without any theory collected facts on a wholesale scale...
الصفحة 386 - The total energy of any material system is a quantity which can neither be increased nor diminished by any action between the parts of the system, though it may be transformed into any of the forms of which energy is susceptible.
الصفحة 456 - The uniformity in the succession of events, otherwise called the law of causation, must be received not as a law of the universe, but of that portion of it only which is within the range of our means of sure observation, with a reasonable degree of extension to adjacent cases.
الصفحة 377 - It may therefore safely be laid down as a truth both obvious in itself, and admitted by all whom it is at present necessary to take into consideration, that, of the outward world, we know and can know absolutely nothing, except the sensations which we experience from it.