Chellean epoch, 76-79.
Civilization, 118, 142, 143–144, 150,
227-231, 278-296.
Civil society, 278-296.
Clan, Australian, 254-255; Greek,
238; Iroquois, 240, 241, 242–243;
metronymic, 237-238; patrony-
mic, 237-238; Roman, 238.
Climate, 20, 84-88, 133-145; and
altitude, 139; cycles, 140; and
depopulation, 140-141; and lati-
tude, 133-134; and natural selec-
tion, 20, 88, 137, 146, 222-226;
the pulsations of, 84, 141;
weather, 144–145.
Color of skin, 206, 208-209, 221-
222.
Commerce, 149-150, 160, 295.
Communication, 111-114, 149-150,
158-160, 185-186; and density of
population, 146, 186; and isola-
tion, 152-166; laws of, 185-186.
Competition, economic, 273, 274.
Congenital variations, 6, 36-37.
Consciousness of kind, 113.
Continuity of germ plasm, 4-5.
Continuous variation, 4-7.
Cooley, C. H., cited, 113, 114, 122,
173, 199; quoted, 113, 114, 122-
123, 173.
Coöperation, 105, 107, 110, 111.
Coöperative group life, 105-106,
107.
Corsica, the Island of, 153.
Crania, 58-68.
Crowd, the psychology of, 186-187.
Culture, 87, 88, 121, 150, 151, 152-
160, 160-165; and density of
population, 88, 151; and isola-
tion, 88, 150-157, 158-160; pre-
historic, 68-101; primitive, 68-
101, 233-296.
Cumberland Gap, 149.
Custom, 116, 137, 166, 171-202;
formation of, 178; and group sur-
vival, 116, 117-119
Danubean race, 220, 226.
Darwin, C., cited, 24, 30, 32, 39, 103,
288.
Davenport, C. B., cited, 15, 17, 26,
152.
Dealey, J. Q., cited, 279, 281, 285;
quoted, 281-282.
Death-rate, 21-24.
DeFoe, D., quoted, 188.
Density of population, 88, 150-157;
and civilization, 150-157; and
culture, 88, 151.
De Quatrefages, cited, 220.
Descent, 29-30, 39-40, 46-49, 58-68;
the theory of, 29-30, 39-40; the
theory applied to human species,
39-40, 46-49, 58-68.
DeVries, H., cited, 9, 10, 11.
Dexter, E. G., cited, 144.
Differentiation, 110.
Discontinuous variation, 6, 10.
Dolichocephalic head form, 204-205,
215.
Domestication of animals, 91, 106,
281, 293.
Dominant Mendelian characters, 12-
15.
Donovan, quoted, 112.
Druid's altars, 97.
Education, 185.
Egypt, 83, 142, 150.
Elephants, reproduction in, 21.
Embryo, human compared with
lower animals, 43-46.
Endogamy, 247.
Environment, 20, 32-37, 52-54, 84-
88, 121-170; as an influence ac-
celerating physical growth, 123-
133; arctic, 134; awe-inspiring
aspects of, 157-165; climatic in-
fluences of, 20, 52-54, 84-88, 133-
145; and the origin of human
qualities, 130-133; and isolation,
152-166; and migration, 140-150;
physical, 121; and religion, 169;
as a retarding influence, 123; and
selection, 32-37, 133, 137, 146,
165-166; and skin color, 221; so-
cial, 172; torrid, 133.
Eoanthropus, 67-68.
Eolithic period, 75-91; implements,
75-91.
Eskimo, 137, 145, 146, 234.
Eur-African race, 217-218, 226.
Eur-Asian race, 217, 218-219.
Exchange, 270-273, 293-295, 296.
Exogamy, 243.
Family, the ape, 40; human, 120.
Festivity and the origin of articu-
late speech, 111-112.
Feudalism, barbaric, 286–289.
Fishes, reproduction in, 22.
Five generation group of the patri-
archal kindred, 290-292.
Flint implements, 74-101.
Fluctuating variation, 3–8.
Folkways, defined, 177; origin of,
174-177.
Food, and civilization, 94, 134, 150;
and domestication of animals, 94,
281, 293; and the group struggle
for existence, 94, 105, 279, 281,
283, 293.
Formalism, 199–200.
Frazer, J. G., cited, 199, 246, 261-
Galton, F., cited, 5, 17, 115; quoted,
5, 11.
Geologic ages, 50-52, 68-72, 74-76.
Gerard, E., cited, 154.
Gerland, G., cited, 231.
Germ cell, 5, 16, 32-37.
Germ plasm, theory of continuity
of, 5, 16, 32-37.
Germinal variation, 6, 36-37.
Giddings, F. H., cited, 57, 71, 102,
104, 108, 110, 113, 188, 203, 208-
210, 217-218, 222, 233, 238, 267,
268, 270, 272, 273, 275, 280, 281,
282, 284, 286; quoted, 71, 108,
109, 111, 112, 265-266, 275, 281,
288, 289, 290-291, 292.
Ginnell, L., cited, 239.
Glaciers and prehistoric culture,
74-87.
Glacial period, 52-57, 74-87, 142,
226.
Goldenweiser, A. A., cited, 245, 250,
254, 257; quoted, 253-254.
Gould, B. A., cited, 123.
Greek clan, 238.
Group life, 102-120; advantages of,
104-107; and custom, 114-118;
and natural selection, 106–107,
114-117.
Gumplowicz, L., cited, 118, 119,
172; quoted, 172, 173, 174.
Habit, 116-118, 145, 166, 177–178.
Haeckel, cited, 67.
Hair form, 203-205, 209.
Heidelberg jaw, 65–67.
Head form, 129-130, 204-208, 219;
brachycephalic, 204-205; dolicho-
cephalic, 204-205; mesocephalic,
208; long head, 204; round head,
205.
History and climate, 74-87, 121-
122, 140-151; the organic view of,
121-122.
Heredity, 1-19, 122; and acquired
characters, 32-37; and environ-
ment, 122, 126; laws of, 4-18;
Galton's law of regression, 17;
Mendelian, 11-15; social, 171-
202.
Hominidæ, 40, 113, 228.
Hopkins, E. W., cited, 288.
Homer, cited, 238.
Howitt, A. W., cited, 185, 254, 264.
Hozumi, cited, 270.
Human infant, 46.
Human nature, 104, 112-113.
Human soul, origin of idea of, 265-
267.
Huntington, E., cited, 139, 140, 142;
quoted, 140-141, 143.
Huxley, cited, 58.
Hybrid, and Mendelian inheritance,
11-15.
Imitation, 107, 185-186, 187, 190-
202; contra, 192; custom, 194;
laws of, 191-202; direction of,
192; force of, 190-191; mode,
194; refracted by its media, 193–
194; spread of, 191.
Implements, 71-101; Acheulian, 76–
79; Aurignacian, 82; Chellean,
76-79; eolithic, 76; Magdalenian,
82; Mousterian, 82; neolithic,
91-101; paleolithic, 76-91; pre-
historic, 76-101; Solutréan, 82;
Strépyan, 76.
Inbreeding in mice to show Men-
delian inheritance, 15.
Indians, of British Columbia, 246-
254; Iroquois, 239-244; of North
America, 234, 239-254.
Individual, differences, 3-7; and
the social medium, 171–174; and
society, 115-118, 171–202.
Inheritance, 1-19, 125-126, 129-
130; of acquired characters, 32-
37; De Vries' theory of, 9-10;
Galton's theory of, 17; of eye
color in man, 15; Mendelian law
of, 11-15; Weismann's theory of,
5, 16, 32-37.
Instinct, 174–177.
Integration of like response, 110-
111.
Interstimulation and response, 110-
Ireland, A., cited, 134.
Irish law, 278, 287.
Iron age, 101.
Isolation, and animal life, 20-28;
and biological traits, 20-28; and
culture, 88, 152-154; and prog-
paleolithic, 76-91; Pithecanthro-
pus, 61-65; prehistoric, 50-101,
104, 233-234; primitive, 50-101,
146, 233-277; of the stone ages,
71-101.
Mana magic, 237, 264.
Manitou, 244–245.
Markets, 272, 293–295.
Marrett, R. R., cited, 74.
Marriage, by capture, 199, 281, 282;
monogamy, 285; polyandry, 279;
polygamy, 279, 285; by purchase,
199, 282.
Mason, O. T., cited, 275.
Materialistic interpretation of his-
tory, 157.
Matriarchal organization of SO-
ciety, 279, 280.
Medicine-man, 110, 263-264.
Mediterranean race, 217-218, 223.
Mendel, G., cited, 11.
Mendelism, 11-15.
Mendelian inheritance, 11-15.
Mesocephalic, head form, 208.
Mesozoic period, 52.
Metcalf, M. M., cited, 3, 4, 6, 21,
22, 34, 35, 36, 46.
Metronymic kin, 280.
Mice, Mendelian inheritance in
waltzing mice, 13-14.
Migration, 140-142, 143, 146, 165-
166, 227.
Modification of structure and in-
heritance, 32-37.
Mohawk valley, 149.
Money, and exchange, 270, 273;
origin of, 273.
Monogamy, 285.
Montesquieu, cited, 157.
Morals, defined, 118-119; and social
relations, 118-119, 180-181.
Mores, defined, 183; growth of, 183,
184.
Morgan, L. H., cited, 239, 240, 244,
289.
Mousterian epoch, 82.
Music and the origin of speech, 111-
Mutual aid, a factor in the struggle
for existence, 102-104.
Natural selection, and animals, 20-
28; explained, 24-25; and group
survival, 106-107, 114-117; and
man, 46-49, 87-91, 137, 146, 222-
226; summarized, 30-31.
Nature, general aspects of, 157–165;
and survival of the fit, 21, 24.
Naulette, La, jaw, 58.
Neanderthal man, 58, 82, 218;
skull, 58.
Neolithic, culture, 91-101; imple-
ments, 91-101; period, 91-101,
203, 226; remains, 91-101, 218.
Nile valley, 149–151.
North American Indians, 234, 239-
254.
Olmstead, A. T., quoted, 150–151.
Origin of species, 29-30, 46–49.
Original undifferentiated race, the,
213, 214.
Paleolithic, culture, 76-91; imple-
ments, 76-91; period, 76-91, 203;
remains, 76-91, 218.
Paleozoic period, 52.
Patriarchal organization of society,
284, 289.
Patronymic kin, 290–291.
Pearson, K., cited, 17, 125.
Persecution and custom, 115, 116,
Peschel, O., cited, 169; quoted, 169.
Phratry, defined, 243-244; in North
America, 243–244.
Pithecanthropus Erectus, 61-65.
Play, festivity, and the origin of
articulate speech, 111-114.
Pleistocene period, 54.
Polished stone age, 76, 87, 91-101.
Polyandry, 279.
Polygamy, 279.
Polynesian-European racial group,
210, 214.
Powell, J. W., cited, 280.
Population, density of, and culture,
88, 151; and food, 94, 105, 134,
150, 279-283, 293; movement of,
140-142, 143, 146-149, 165, 166.
Pottery, of American Indians, 235;
neolithic, 94, 234.
Prehistoric, ages, 39-101; caves, 71-
91; implements, 71-101; man,
39-101; monuments, 94-101;
period, 71-101, 239; remains of
man, 58-101.
Primary period, 52.
Primary stimuli, 108.
Property, 183, 271, 274, 284.
Protective coloring, 26-27.
Pueblo Indians, 280.
Quaternary period, 52, 57.
Race, Alpine, 218, 220, 223, 226;
Asian-American racial group, 210,
214; Australian, African racial
group, 210, 214; Baltic, 217, 223;
Black, 208, 209; Danubean, 220,
226; Eur-African, 217-218, 226;
Eur-Asian, 217, 218-219; Polyne-
sian-European racial group, 210-
214; Teutonic, 217-218, 223;
White, 208, 209, 220-229; Yel-
low, 208, 209.
Ratzel, F., cited, 117, 151, 275.
Recapitulation theory of embryo-
logical development, 43-46, 66–67.
Recessive Mendelian character, 11-
15.
Regression, Galton's theory of, 17.
Religion, of ancestor-worship, 269,
284; and animism, 264-269; con-
tinuous theory of spiritual exist-
ence, 269; and physical environ-
ment, 169; retributive theory of
spiritual existence, 269; and be-
lief in human soul, 265-266, 269;
and theory of transmigration of
souls, 269.
Remains of prehistoric man, 58-
101, 218.
Reproduction, in fishes, 22; in ele-
phants, 21; and natural selection,
20-24; and robins, 21-22.
Response to stimulus, 108, 166.
Ripley, W. Z., cited, 152, 154, 203,
Robins, reproduction in, 21-22.
Romanes, G. J., cited, 21, 22, 43.
Roman clan, 238.
Ross, E. A., quoted, 185, 194.
Rough stone age, 76, 87, 101.
Sardinia, Island of, 153.
Saxons, 154.
Science, 149-150, 268, 295.
Secondary period, 52.
Secondary stimuli, 109.
Seebohm, F., cited, 291.
Seebohm, H. E., cited, 291.
Seligman, E. R. A., cited, 272, 276,
283, 293; quoted, 281.
Semple, E. C., cited, 122, 139, 149,
158; quoted, 121-122, 139–140,
157.
Sieroshevski, V. L., cited, 117.
Sexual selection, 31-32, 49; Dar-
win's theory of, 31-32; and man,
Skin color, 206, 208-209, 221-222;
and climate, 221.
Slavery, 276, 293–294.
Social animals, 102-104.
Social institutions, 171-202, 233-
296.
Social medium, 171-174.
Social organization, 145, 173, 234,
239-277.
Social pressure, 117, 166.
Social selection, 116, 117, 166, 179.
Solutréan epoch, 82.
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