Palm trees, fertilization of, 61
Parasites, 63, 64

Parker, G. H., 240, 315
Parthenogenesis, 198

Passenger pigeon, 86
Passes, importance of, 30
Pasteur Institute, 143, 145
Pearson, Karl, 211-212, 228, 236-
238; study of school children
in Great Britain, 257, 258
Peas, Mendel's experiment on,
200, 202

Petroleum, 13, 106

Philosophy, human, origin of,
354
Phylloxera, 92

Physical characters, determined
by environment, 33

Physical effects of temperature,
32, of earth, 41

Physical environment, change of,
43

Physical world, influences of, on
man, 28
Physiological effects of tempera-
ture, 35

Plants, benefit of, to man, 53;
chemical elements in, 52;
dangers of careless discrimi-
nation between, 83; flowering,
118; imported, and native of
U. S., 113; leguminous, 13;
mechanical effects produced by,
51; origin of cultivated, 112;
perfected by crossing, 114;
protection of, 53
Ploss, H., 323, 327-328
Pneumonia, 141
Polydactylism, 236

Population, contrasted in vari-
ous states, 29; density of
world's, 28; influences of so-
ciety on, 33
Primates, 184

Primitive man, discoveries of,

186; variation from present
man, 188

Private property, inheritance of,
349; origin of, 360
Progress, and conditions of life,
385; and survival of old be-
liefs and superstitions, 363
Progressive atrophy of the optic
nerve, 211

Property rights and personal
rights, 361
Proteins, 10

Protestant Reformation, 157
Protozoa, 182

Public Health Service, 143
Punnett, R. C., 215
Pyorrhea, 129

Rabbit, in Australia and New
Zealand, 91

Race, crossing of: arguments for
and against, 294, 302; conclu-
sions, 301, 302; discussed,
294;
in Africa, 298-299; in
Europe, 285, 287, 293; in gen-
eral, 299; Japanese and Eu-
ropeans, 300-301; lowers birth
rate, 296, 297; Mulatto in
Civil War, 297-298

on

Race, human, classification of:
Blumenbach, 304;
color
basis, 280; distribution, 28;
Giddings, 306–309; Huxley,
305; Johnston, 277-279; Lin-
næus, 303; Mueller, F., 305;
St. Hilaire, 305

Race, meaning of term, 278
Race differences: of body, 281-
282; color, 279-280; cubic
contents, 289-290; facial an-
gles, 289; hair, shape and
distribution, 281; resistance
to disease, 290-291; skull,
282; stature, 281

Race superiority or inferiority:
Ammon's claim for the Ger-
mans, 284-285; claims of
superiority of long heads,

285-286; conclusion, 291-293;
lack of final evidence, 300
Radical, the, 370

Radium, discovery of, 3, 141;
properties, 4

Rainfall, 18; influence on plant
growth, 19

Rays, alpha, 4; beta, 4; gamma, 5
Red clover, 60

Reformatory, inmates of the,
252

Regression, law of, 228
Reibmayr, A., 271, 347, 384
Reich, E., 383-384
Reid, G. A., 344-345
Religious fanaticism, influence
on society, 346

Reproduction: cell division, 194;
cell specialization, 192; germ
and body cells, contrast, 195;
growth, 192; rate of, 70; sex
differences, 196; stationary
total, 71

Research, methods of, 148, 191
Rhythm of nature, 47

Ripley, W. Z., 280, 283, 285,
290-291

Rockefeller Institute for Medical
Research, N. Y. C., 143
Roosevelt, T., 70

Royal Observatory of Greenwich,
1

Rubber, 110; plants and prod-
ucts, 112

Russia, birth and death rates,
334; temperature, 16

Seasons, influence of, on social
phenomena, 38

Segregation, of "unfit," 267
Selection, artificial, natural, sex-
ual, 178; evidences for, 180
Semper, K., 28

Semple, E. T., 31, 32, 102, 103
Sex, determination of, 207
Sex, human, differences: advent
physical maturity, 323; ath-
letic records, 318; beginnings
of, 312; blood composition,
321; bodily proportions, 318-
319, 323; brain weights, 320-
321; differences do not indi-
cate superiority, 329; growth
of boys and girls, 316-317;
influence on daily life, 326;
influence of menstruation, 323-
326; males and females in U.
S., 314; psychic phenomena,
326; resistance to shock, 322;
secondary sexual characters,
315; sex ratios, 313; stature,
weight, 317-318; two theories
as to rôle of women, 329-330;
variability, 327-328
Sex-linked characters, 209
Sheep, crossing of Dorset horned
with hornless Suffolks, 210
Shelford, V. E., 26, 27, 28, 46,
57, 59

Silk worm, 125

Sixties of Ohio, 266
Small, A. W., 377-378
Smallpox, 127, 132

Smith, J. B., 71, 72, 88, 93
Smoke, damage done by, 21
Snakes, 183; man's attitude to-
ward, 81

Snow, moisture in form of, and

its value, 22

Social castes, development of,
347

Social environment, 357

Social institutions, value, 358
Society, influence of immigration

on, 339; permanency of, 387;
progress of, through surgical
skill and medical knowledge,
343; religion and, 339; Spen-
cer's idea of, 378
Society tests: choice of right
virtues and right crimes, 387;
elimination of unfit, 389;
power of readjusting institu-
tions and programs to meet
changing conditions of life,
390; protection afforded, 388;
training of children, 389
Sociology, danger of applying
biological laws, 381; 'a science,
377

Soils, characteristics and classi-
fication, 11; meaning
farmer, 13

Sparrow, European house, 90

Spectroscope, 14

Spencer, H., 378

Spermatozoon, 192

to

Spontaneous generation, 151
Standards, conflict of different,
363

Stars, classification, 1; helium-

gas, 1; metallic, 2; proto-
hydrogen, 1; protometallic, 2
Statistical methods, 228
Steam engine, 108

Synthetic chemistry, 110
Syphilis, 26, 129, 142

Telescope, invention of, 1
Temperature, annual march of,
in continental and marine cli-
mates, 16; character of vegeta-
tion determined by, 15; dis-
tribution of life determined
by, 23; importance of proper,
to conditions of life, 7; in the
interior of U. S., 16; influence
on reproduction, 24; of human
body, 8; of ocean, 16; yearly
cycle, 45

Tertiary age, 184

Thomas, W. I., 318, 319, 322,
323, 328, 329

Thomson, J. A., 56, 60, 61, 63,
180, 181, 199, 382

Toad, 82

Training of parents, and off-
spring, effect on, 218
Traits, inherited, 254
Trees, value of, to man, 117
Tropics, influence of, on white
men, 33; plants in, 15
Tsetse fly, 21

Tuberculosis, 27, 138, 141
Typhoid, 138

Typhus, 139

Unit-characters, 200, 206

United States, reduction in corn
crop, 19

Use and disuse theory, 168, 217

Vaccinations, 132

Vegetation, character of, deter-
mined by temperature, 15

Wales, birth, death and marriage
rates, 332; population fer
square mile, 29

Wallace, A. R., 171

War, effect of, on society, 345
Ward, L. F., 273, 378