59 The Valley of the Seasons. He had no thought of beauty, wealth, or fame, But lately, as the bleating flock he led Often he wanders to that hallow'd stream, A lofty spirit was now approaching us, and the rushing of his wings was like the noise of a cataract. His eyes were piercing as the lightnings, and his gaze could not be endured; yet I perceived that his countenance varied: at this moment it was benevolent, and in the next it threatened destruction. At first it appeared to me that his right hand was flaming, but, on his nearer approach, I perceived that he held in it an avenging sword. In his left hand he carried an olive branch. His wings were distended for flight, but his feet rested on the Thunder-cloud. I hastily inquired of my guide the name of the mighty spirit before us. "It is the genius of the thunder-storm," said he; "he is the terror of the sons of men, when power is given him from above to smite with the sword of Almighty vengeance. Then the palaces of kings, and the cottages of poor men, fall together; the high places are thrown down, and the beautiful city is made a heap of stones. Then the mighty ones of the earth tremble, and perceive that there is a God on the earth. But so great is the divine mercy, that not often will it permit this spirit to go forth a destroyer. Even while he launches the shaft of the rapid lightnings, and calls to the muttering thunders, which then re-echo through the caverns of the earth, and roll along the vault of heaven; even then he is bid to shake the olive over the land; and, so far from injuring mankind, to give them a blessing in the storm. He purifies our atmosphere with the lightning, and destroys the pestilential and unwholesome vapours, whose pestiferous breath would else blight the fruits of the earth, and scatter disease on man and beast." 60 THE GENIUS OF THE THUNDER STORM. He who sitteth above the water-flood, Who hath remained on His throne a king He bath clothed mine arm with mighty power. He filleth His storehouse with the hailstones; He commandeth the storm, and I depart; The ocean rocketh from its lowest bed; At the voice of the thunders. The roarings of wild beasts fill the forest: And seeketh the haven. For the tempest is past. A spirit of benevolent aspect now appeared. Her brow was bound with a wreath of vine leaves, and the juice of the grape stained her temples. She had in one hand a sickle, and in the other a few wheat ears. She was attended by two beautiful spirits, one of whom bore the cornucopia, from which the most rich and luxuriant fruits were continually falling; the other spirit carried no emblems of her office, but her countenance wore a look of angelic loveliness. "Behold," said the sage, "the genius of the Autumn, and adore the beneficent Being who hath commanded her to render the fruits of the earth in their season. All these whom thou seest are but the servants of the Highest; it is theirs to execute the behests only of One far mightier than they are. Therefore, whilst thou admirest and reverencest these beautiful ministers, remember that they are only ministers of Him, who ordaineth both the early and the latter rain, and changeth the times and the Plenty attends upon Autumn, and pours on every hand the blessings of Omnipotence; she points to the folds full of sheep, and to the waving valleys, which stand so thick with corn, that they both laugh and sing. Happiness also is in her train; that chaste happiness, whose smile beameth on the heart when the hungry soul is filled, and the drink of the thirsty faileth not. seasons. AUTUMN. 'Tis sweet when the fruits of the earth are rife, The reaper resting in the heat of noon, 'Tis sweet to see the poor ones pick the grain, hands, Sharers in common with the feather'd train, Theirs is the happiness without alloy, The next spirit who approached us was crowned with cypress, and held in her hand an oaken branch, whose withered leaves fell, and strewed her path as she swept along. "This," said the old man, " is the genius of the Falling Leaves. Her countenance, and her employment, are mournful alike. She casts a melancholy and desolate glance on the forests and the green vales, and the beauties of nature fade beneath her awful gaze. Let mankind attend to the lesson which her duties inculcate, and remember that nothing earthly endureth for ever. Neither should they forget, that she only wraps the fields in transient gloom: Spring will return to scatter her blossoms and flowers on the desolate earth. The dreariness of Autumn, and the ravages of Winter, will be repaired by the sweet influence of the vernal sun." THE GENIUS OF THE FALLING LEAVES. Hast thou not heard the autumn blast, Hast thou not seen, as the cold wind blew, Fitfully shining in heaven's deep blue, Before my chill and piercing breath And who shall take of the mould'ring clay, And say of it, this was a king? For when the spirit hath gone away, The body is nought but a perishing thing. The trees, which seem so withered and dead, A spirit of life retain, And in the Spring they will lift the head, And blossom forth again. And the soul who hath pass'd to her transient rest A spirit, severe in countenance, succeeded to the last. Her form was hid in the numerous folds of her dark robe. Extending her bloodless arm, she held towards us a withered branch covered with the hoar frost. "This is Winter," said my guide, "a spirit whose influence is still more withering than that of the last. Observe how languidly the stream flows at her approach; the flowers droop upon their stalks, and the music of the feathered songsters is hushed." WINTER. I come not to deform the year, Above, beneath the sky, He bids me touch the streams that flow, Ye desolate, who shrink beneath "They are gone," said I, in a tone of sorrow: "there is the valley, but its inhabitants are fled." "They are gone," answered the old man; "but let not the lesson they have taught us depart with them. All things are in his hand whose praise they seek;' not a leaf falls to the ground unseen of the Creator. Remember this in the hour of repining and discontent; be grateful for the good bestowed, and patient under the evil inflicted; and learn to perceive, in every occurrence of human life, the directing influence of the God of the Seasons." Priestgate, Peterborough, October 12, 1827. THOMAS ROSE. ORIENTAL CUSTOMS, SCENERY, AND CEREMONIES. (From our Indian Correspondent.) ABOUT five o'clock this afternoon, 10th July, 1826, I took a ride to the banks of the Sungum, now a broad rapid river, though but two weeks ago passable on foot. As 63 Oriental Customs, Scenery, and Ceremonies. I descended the bank, near some of the 64 attended, drove his long pole or poker into the body, which fizzed-when he perceived me turn away in disgust, and sickened by the stench, he laughed. ed. The different castes have all their own mode of making away with the dead. September 12th, 1826. Captain H. and myself having accepted Mr. M-'s invitation to accompany himself and his brother to the bridge of Neera, the junc it had been brought, and placed it upon ❘tion of the Rajah of Satarah's, and the 19th. We prepared for the entrance of the Rajah into Poonah. Our troops formed a lane, and the Rajah, attended by the commander-in-chief, the governor &c. passed through it. The whole gar- | vociferated. The Rajah does not return the pile, its face upwards, with the head towards the river. This hearse or litter is made of two long poles of bamboo, with shorter pieces laid across to connect them. An old woman, among others, was engaged in arranging the fuel; she appeared to put something into the mouth of the deceased: another poured oil close to the head, and there first set fire, then at the feet. They then hurried on the cakes a foot above the body, covering the face, however, with care, and shortly the whole heap was ignited. The coolies, who had brought the fire materials, now, as is their custom, began a terrible squabble about their cowries or shells, 34 or 35 of which make a pice, 72 pices to a rupee. The friends of the deceased sat in a circle a short distance from the pile, and talked. Indeed, all of those employed in this shocking process seemed little affected, saving one old woman, apparently the wife of the departed; she, every now and then, set up a kind of cry, wrung her hands, and then continued her assistance at the pyre. There was something very afflicting in these movements of sorrow, and the feelings they produced were melancholy indeed. When the young and the gay are cut off in their bloom and their mirth, we feel sadness, and freely shed the tear of regret. But different are the sensations that arise, when we behold haggard age, itself almost within the grave, moaning over the aged partner of its life, especially if the objects be poor and desolate. The rich widow has anxious friends, eager to offer consolation, and to procure the means of enjoyment through the remainder of life: but this poor old decrepit being, having lost the one, perhaps the only one who cared for her, is left a burden to those around her, without hope, without comfort. When at Colabah, near Bombay, every night we could see the whole opposite strand, Malabar-point, in a blaze, from the number of these human roastings. I once rode up to one; the man who Company's territories; we set out at five o'clock this morning, ascended the very high Ghauts, over which an excellent road has been constructed, and arrived at Sasoor to breakfast: the distance is about 18 or 20 miles. Mr. M. was ordered on this journey by Mr. Elphinstone, to receive, as his deputy, the Rajah of Satarah, who is now on his way to pay a visit to the governor. Sasoor is the best town I have seen; there is a beautiful temple and a palace, the latter is not occupied.-3 o'clock P. M. we mounted fresh horses, and sat out for Jejuree, 10 miles distant. Arrived there, we encamped in a fine cluster of mango trees, on the borders of a spacious tank. -13th. We set out for the bridge of Neera; our road lay amongst stupendous hills, and the cool breezes rendered the first part of our ride pleasant. It is considered that the climate on this side the Ghauts is much more healthy than at Poonah; for, although the ascent is very great, the descent on the Satarah side is comparatively inconsiderable. At the bridge there is one building, half bungalow, half fort, but we preferred our tents. Neera, during the monsoon, like almost all rivers in India, is broad and rapid; the bridge, which is built of wood, is 185 yards long, and is supported by 56 beams on each side. Towards sun-set we could almost imagine we were near the sea, from the roaring of the water, and the high winds which blew continually. A despatch arrived from Col. Briggs, the resident at the court of the Rajah, stating the number of men, &c. it was necessary to provide for, viz. 50 elephants, 3000 camels, bullocks, tattoos, and horses, and 5000 men; the number, however, turned out to be much less. The 14th. Bathed in the Neera, and amused ourselves with shooting, this day.-15th. The Rajah's camp could be perceived at the distance of four miles on the other side of the river.-16th. At 2 o'clock this morning the stores, &c. of the Rajah began to pass, and a precious ragamuffin set it was; at five the more orderly part of the suite crossed; shortly after, the Rajah himself appeared, and drew up on our side of the river, reviewing his troops as they galloped past him. He is a middle-aged little man, and seemed to be as proud of shewing his horse as most other natives. Excepting his body guard, of a hundred horse, clothed in yellow, blue, and white, he has no regular troops. We supply his highness with an army. His cavalry defiled over the bridge one by one; then came his elephants, led horses, and women. The palanquins his women are borne in, are very splendid; the women themselves are never seen. Youth appears the greatest charm in this country; the Rajah's wife, who has already had a daughter, is only 14 years of age. Passing the defilé was the only thing which at all approached our ideas of eastern magnificence; but even this is all show, elephants, and slaves. We encamped about six miles onwards. The Rajah's banner is attached to a long pole; it is very large, and of a dingy yellow colour; his tents are all surrounded by a canvass wall. At 3 o'clock Mr. M. was introduced to his highness. He was sitting upon a raised sort of dais. You take off your shoes on entering his black majesty's presence: salaam he returns not, but remains cross-legged. It is said, that when sir Lionel Smith went, at the deposition of the former prince, to release this gentleman from the prison in which he had been confined all his life, he did not salaam sir Lionel. 17th. Halted at Jejuree, and encamped; on the road we passed eleven elephants, some very large, some small. They had bells of different sizes attached to them; the music is not very disagreeable. We had our tent pitched under the same beautiful mango trees. The wild peacocks flew around us, and numbers of monkeys were gambolling about on all sides. The young monkey, if alarmed, attaches itself to the belly of the mother, and is thus carried along. Our leave of absence having now expired, we were obliged to say farewell to our friends. We set out by moon-light for Poonah, lost our way, (no unusual circumstance where there are no roads,) descended the lower Ghauts, and grateful were we to find ourselves at Poonah, at nine in the morning, with whole bones. frison was out; the artillery fired a royal salute. The Rajah rode a very spirited charger, whose neck was ornamented with massive gold chains. On the 20th I went to see the Rajah's camp: at Parbuttee, he, his brother, and favourite boy, were sitting on the cold rock, (with about 100 torches flaming around them,) on their way to pray in the temple on its summit. On Thursday the 21st, an order being issued, inviting every body to a durbar, or court, at government Bungalow, I attended. The floor of the bungalow was covered with superb Persian carpets, too beautiful almost to tread upon. At the farthest end of the spacious room were placed four chairs satin-covered, upon a raised dais, covered with red cloth with silver fringe. On each side of the room were placed rows of seats, the right hand of the dais for the great (native) men, the left for the Europeans. As the former arrived, they made their salaam to the governor, and took their seats according to rank. In about an hour, the guard of honour saluted. The salute fired, hundreds of torches threw around their glaring blaze; the mighty yet humble elephants bowed low; and the Rajah of Sattarah, attended by his brother, officers of state, &c. amidst a thousand voices, resounding his rank, and shouting salaam, entered the room, the Rajah having hold of the governor's hand, his brother, the commander-in-chief's. The brother sat in the right-hand chair, his highness next, then the governor, and next the commander-in-chief. Behind stood some who gracefully undulated rich tubes filled with feathers, and a dew of rose - water refreshed the space around; then there were the government servants dressed in red and gold, holding high sticks of gold. I cannot attempt to describe the Rajah's dress: suffice that it was cloth of gold beautifully tinged and minutely figured. In his turban he wore a splendid brooch, round his neck long rows of pearls and precious stones, on his fingers diamonds of a large size, &c. He is a fat, short, common-looking man, chubby cheeked, with large laughing eyes. His brother is a finer looking man than his highness, though not so intelligent. Besides the sword in his hand, which all natives have, he had a shield slung on his back. Then approached the great men, touching the earth with their right hand, and bending forward. As their salaam is offered, the name and rank of each is 67 Astronomical Occurrences for January. it; he scarcely looks at them, but moves his hand as permission to sit. One, an old man, and a great warrior, was supported to him, having lost an arm, and being, they say, filled with balls received in battle. Then came forward the dancing girls: the song and dance were accompanied by the bells on their ankles. I cannot say I admire their singing, which is accompanied by instruments somewhat like our guitar. They say our music is not to be compared to theirs. The substance of their song is love, not unfrequently tinctured with much indecency. Large salvers, holding wreaths of flowers for the neck, plumes for the turban, and bracelets, made of a white flower of very strong perfume, like the jessamine, were now brought in, and placed in regular rows on the floor before the dais. These were headed by small silver bottles containing oil of sandal, rose-water, &c. then there were salvers holding pastry, and small packets of betel-nuts, cloves, and spices. The governor now placed a wreath, plume, and bracelets on the Rajah; after wards upon his brother; took the oil of sandal, and with a little spoon put a small quantity upon the handkerchiefs they held in their hands, sprinkled rose-water over them, and then took a handful of pastry, betel-nut, &c., and gave it to them, but they immediately handed it to one of their servants, these gifts being merely form. The rest of the black gentry, whose rank entitled them, received the garlands (as mentioned above) from the Persian interpreter, not excepting the Rajah's favourite boy. The governor afterwards presented a small gold box to the Rajah, and a silver one to the Rajah's brother. Presents are really made to a large amount, (the above being merely form,) at least if we may call that a present, the value of which is estimated, and the like value returned. As it is deemed indecent, by the natives, for women to appear in public, the governor, with his accustomed kindness, had provided a tent, which looked into the bungalow, only divided by a thin screen, and the ladies had thus an opportunity of viewing the wonders. 68 .... posing appearance, and so it continues for an hour; these unfortunately had been damaged by rain or carriage, and did not go off as well as they ought. This ended, the black gentlemen were conducted as heretofore, and in the race-course a scene was displayed indescribable; -hundreds of rockets, Chinese drums, and different coloured lig lights, burst upon us at once. The night was very dark; the works were extended over a very large circle, which, together with the discharge of artillery, the splendid dresses of the Rajah, &c. and on one side his elephants waiting with their magnificent howders, and covering of massively worked cloth of gold, formed a sight more imposing and eastern than I had conceived. At last all ceased; the Rajah ascended into his howder by a ladder carried on one side of the elephant, the animal having been ordered to kneel;-and here let me again mention with what ease these huge animals are managed, and how docile and tractable they are: half a dozen ascended on the outside behind his majesty, and, lighted by hundreds of torches, proceeded to the camp at Parbuttee. An excellent stand-up supper was prepared in one of the governor's tents, and champagne in profusion. After supper I went to look at the notch. In a corner of the room, those not singing (only three girls sing at one time) were sitting crosslegged; some of them very pretty and fairy-like. 22nd September. We were under arms at 3 o'clock this afternoon, for a review for the Rajah; though rather an unpleasant hour in these tropical climates. Many a hearty soldier's blessing the Roger got (as our boys call the Rajah.) We worked away until quite dark, and got a complete wetting into the bargain. ASTRONOMICAL OCCURRENCES FOR JANUARY. THE Sun enters Aquarius on the 20th, at 56 minutes past 11 in the evening. The Moon is full on the 2nd, enters her last quarter on the 9th, her change takes place on the 17th, and she enters her first quarter on the 23rd. She is in apogee on the 2nd, perigee on the 16th, and in apogee again on the 29th; she passes Saturn on the 2nd, Jupiter on the 11th, Mars on the 12th, Mercury on the 15th, the Georgian planet on the 17th, Venus on the 18th, and Saturn again on the 29th. In about two hours his highness and brother were conducted, as led in, to a small tent, to see the Chinese drums, (fireworks) they are said to cost 500 rupees each. The firework is the shape of a drum. Fire being applied, the bottom falls out, and there descends a superb illuminated Chinese pagoda; shortly falls The Georgian planet is not a conspianother scene of a most grand and im-cuous object during this month, on account |