CONTENTS.

I.

PAGE

THE MOVEMENTS AND HABITS OF PLANTS.

The Movement of Plants in Relation to their Wants.

The Power of Movement in Animal and Plant compared.

Advantages of Cross-Fertilization

Potency of the Sexual Elements in Plants

Experiments in Crossing

The Struggle for Existence among Seeds .

Practical Application of these Views.

Marriages of First Cousins

Development of the Two Sexes in Plants

Why the Sexes have been reseparated

Comparative Fertility of Male and Female Plants

Effect of Climate on Reproduction

Causes of Sterility among Plants

An "Ideal Type" or Inevitable Modification

Interposition

The Sleep of the Plants

As interesting on the Theory of Development as on that of Direct

Self-Protection during Sleep

22

24

25

Diverse Means by which Plants gain their Subsistence

How a Plant preys upon Animals

34

35

II.

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THE PART PLAYED BY WORMS IN THE HISTORY OF THIS PLANET.

THE LAWS OF VARIABILITY WITH RESPECT TO ANIMALS AND PLANTS.

Influence of Insects in the Struggle for Existence

No such Thing as Change in the Result of the Struggle.

V.

NATURAL SELECTION; OR, THE SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST.

Is there any Limit to what Selection can effect?

Has Organization advanced?

A Higher Workmanship than Man's.

Why Habits and Structure are not in Agreement

No Modification in one Species designed for the Good of Another

Illustrations of the Action of Natural Selection .

Divergence of Character

Evolution of the Human Eye

VI.

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANIC BEINGS.

Isolated Continents never were united

Means of Dispersal

Dispersal during the Glacial Period

These Means of Transport not accidental

The Theory of Creation inadequate

Identity of the Species of Islands with those of the Mainland ex-

plained only by this Theory.

125

VII.

EVIDENCE OF THE DESCENT OF MAN FROM SOME LOWER FORM.

Points of Correspondence between Man and the other Animals

The facts of Embryology and the Theory of Development

Two Principles that explain the Facts

Rudimentary Organs only to be explained on the Theory of De-

The History of Life on the Theory of Descent with Modification.

Letters retained in the Spelling but Useless in Pronunciation

The Inherited Effects of the Increased and Diminished Use of Parts. 156

Natural Selection in the Development of Man

How Man became upright

The Brain enlarges as the Mental Faculties develop.

Nakedness of the Skin

Is Man the most helpless of the Animals?

VIII.

175

. 177

179

181

182

. 183

185

188

.

191

192

MENTAL POWERS OF MAN AND THE LOWER ANIMALS COMPARED.

Fundamental Intuitions the same in Man and the other Animals.

Man and the Lower Animals excited by the same Emotions .

All Animals possess some Power of Reasoning

The Power of Association in Dog and Savage

The Lower Animals progress in Intelligence

The Power of Abstraction

The Evolution of Language

Development of Languages and Species compared

The Sense of Beauty

Development of the Ear for Music

Regret peculiar to Man, and why

Remorse explained

Development of Self-Control .

Variability of Conscience.

Progress not an Invariable Rule

All Civilized Nations are the Descendants of Barbarians.

"The Ennobling Belief in God"

SEXUAL SELECTION AS AN AGENCY TO ACCOUNT FOR THE DIFFERENCES

BETWEEN THE RACES OF MAN.

Struggle of the Males for the Possession of the Females

Courtship among the Lower Animals

Why the Male plays the more Active Part in Courting

Transmission of Sexual Characteristics

An Objection answered

Difference between the Sexes created by Sexual Selection

How Woman could be made to reach the Standard of Man.

"Characteristic Selfishness of Man"

No Universal Standard of Beauty among Mankind

Development of the Beard

Development of the Marriage-Tie

Unnatural Selection in Marriage

Modifying Influences in Both Sexes

"Grounds that will never be shaken"