76 Promotions.-Births.-Marriages. March. of Ely, Countess Brownlow, Lady Clinton; Principal Bedchamb. woman, Lady Caroline Wood; Bedch. women, Lady Wm. Russell, Lady Isabella Wemyss, Hon. Mrs. Berkeley Paget, Hon. Mrs. Hope, dow. Lady Bedingfeld, Lady Gore, Miss Wilson, resident; Maids of Honour, Misses Olivia de Roos, Hope Johnstone, Boyle, Eden, F. Sneyd, Mitchell; Gent. Ushers of Privych. Capt. G. Pechell, R. N., Lt.-Col. Sir Geo. Hoste, Capt. Vincent, R. N.; Daily Waiters, Lt.-Col. J. Wilson, Hon. G. Strangeways, Capt. Stanhope, R. N.; Quarterly Waiters, Capt. Henry Murray, Mr. Richard Cumberland, Major Wright; Treasurer, John Barton, Esq.; Attorney-gen. W.Horne, Esq.; Solic.-gen. John Williams, Esq.; Master of the Horse, the Earl of Errol; first Equerry, Col. Macdonell; Equerries, Capt. Usher, R. N. Lt.-Col. Fox; Pages of Honour, Hon. Chas. Grimston, Mr. Munday; Physicians in Ordinary, Sir H. Halford, Dr. C. M. Clarke; Extraordinary, Drs. Southey, Turner, Locock; Surgeon, and to the Household, Rob. Keate, Esq.; Extraordinary, Mr. Arnold; Apothecary, Mr. Davis; to the Household, Mr. Brande. The Marq. of Cholmondeley to be deputy Great Chamberlain of England; vice Lord Gwydir (the coheiresses undertaking the duties of the office in alternate reigns). John Leslie Foster LL.D. to be one of the Baions of the Exchequer of Ireland. [July, The Duke of Sussex has been elected a Knight of the Thistle. William King of Wurtemburg has been elected a Knight of the Garter. ECCLESIASTICAL PREFERMENTS. Rev. P. Hunt, D. C. L. to be Dean of Peterborough. Rev. P. Bliss, D. C. L. Avening R. co. Gloc. Rev. T. C. Boone, Kensworth V. Herts. Rev. G. Gleed, Chalfont St. Peter's V. Bucks. Rev. T. B. Gwyn, St. Ishmael's V. co. Carm. Rev. W. A. Keppel, Brampton R. Norfolk. Rev. J. Lever, Tullamore V. co. Meath. Rev.D. Macfarlane, Church of Renfrew,N.B. Rev. T. G. Penn, Edington and Chiltonsuper-Polden CC. Somersetshire. Rev. E. J. Phipps, Stoke Lane C. Somerset. Rev. J.T. Powell, Stretton Dunsmore V. co. Warw. Rev. R. Wallace, St. Michael's ch. at Dumfries. Rev. E.O. Wingfield, Tickencote R. Rutland. Rev. J. Gunn, chaplain to the Duke of Sussex. CIVIL PREFERMENTS. Rev. W. B. Hall, to be Head Master of Risley Grammar School, Derbyshire. Rev. W. Hazel, to be Head Master of the Grammar School at Portsmouth. Rev. F. Smith, Mathematical Professor in the E. I. College at Haileybury. BIRTH S. June 21. The lady of Sir F. Sykes, bart. a dau.-30. At Brussels, Lady Blantyre, of twins. A few days ago, at Eaton Socon, Beds, the lady of John Wood, esq. M. P. a dau. July 1. At Beverley, the lady of Major James Bell, a son.- The wife of Capt. Henniker, R.N. of Ashdown Park, a dau. 3. In Brook-st, the Hon. Mrs. Stanley, of a dau.4. The wife of Lee Steere, esq. of Hale House, Surrey, a son.-————11. At Durham, the wife of the Rev. James Raine, a son. At Birdhurst, Croydon, the wife of Lt.-Col. Jas. Tod, a son.————— Mrs. H. Hely Hutchinson, a dau.-12. The lady of Sir Wm. Heathcote, Bart. a son.-16. Lady Emily Pusey, a son.-18. The Visc. Stormont, a dau.-The Visc. Mandeville, a dau.-19. At Sutton, Surrey, the wife of William Morgan, esq. jun. a son.-20. At Marks Hall, Essex, the wife of W. P. Honywood, esq. M.P. a son. -At Suttons,' Essex, the lady of Sir C. Smith, Bart. a dau. -At Boundes Park, Middlesex, Lady Hardinge, a son. MARRIAGES. June 17. At Richmond, the Rev. Charles Edw. Kennaway, second son of Sir John K. Bart. to Emma, fourth dau. of Hon. and Rev. Gerard T. Noel.-28. At Dieppe, Monsieur de Meri, Baron de la Canergue, to Isabella Lucy, dau. of late Rev. Walter Johnson. July 1. At Powerstock, Dorset, Edward Gilbert, Esq. of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, to Elizabeth Sophia, eldest dau. of Rev. W. Bewsher, D. D.- At Bishops Tawton, the Rev. Thomas Hulton, Rector of Gay wood, Norf. to Anne, eldest dau. of Chas. Chichester, Esq. of Hall, Devon.-At St. George's, Hanover-sq. Thomas Warre, Esq. to Anna, dau. of late Samuel Hibbert, Esq. -At Boreham, Essex, Edw. Widdrington Riddell, Esq. 15th Hussars, second son of Ralph R. Esq. of Felton Park, Northumb. to Catherine, eldest dau. of Thomas Stapleton, Esq. of Richmond, Yorsksh.At Camberwell, the Rev. Stephen Donne, of Oswestry, to Mary Hannah, eldest dau. of John Horner, Esq. 1830.] [ 77 ] OBITUARY. HIS MAJESTY KING GEORGE THE FOURTH. June 26. At the Castle of Windsor, in the 68th year of his age, and the 11th of his reign, George the Fourth, King of Great Britain and Ireland, Defender of the Faith; King of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburgh; Sovereign of the Orders of the Garter, Bath, Thistle, St. Patrick, the Hanoverian Guelphic Order, and the Ionian Order of St. Michael and St. George; Knight of the St. Esprit in France, the Golden Fleece and Charles III. in Spain, Maria Theresa in Austria, St. Anne, Alexander Newski, and Black Eagle in Russia, the White Eagle in Poland, Gustavus Vasa in Sweden, William in the Netherlands, St. Hubert in Bavaria, Pedro in the Brazils; D.C.L. F.R.S. and S. A. &c. &c. George-Augustus-Frederick, the eldest child of King George the Third, and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, was born Duke of Cornwall and Rothsay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, and High Steward of Scotland. His birth took place at St. James's-palace, on the forty-eighth anniversary of the accession of the House of Brunswick to the English throne, Aug. 12, 1762, in the presence of the Archbishop of Canterbury, the great officers of state, and a large concourse of lords and ladies. King, who was waiting in the adjoining room, gave the bearer of the intelligence a £500 bank-bill. Just after the joyful event was announced, a long procession passed under the palace windows, conveying a large quantity of bullion captured in the Spanish frigate Hermione. This occurrence was regarded as propitious, and excited the delight of the populace to enthusiasm. The On the 17th of the same month the new heir apparent was created by patent Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester. His baptism took place in the council chamber at St. James on the 8th of September following, when the sponsors were, his great-uncle WilliamAugustus Duke of Cumberland, his uncle Adolphus - Frederick Prince of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (whose proxy was William Duke of Devonshire, Lord Chamberlain), and his grandmother Augusta Princess dowager of Wales. On the 26th of December, 1765, the Prince of Wales was invested by his royal father with the Order of the Garter, together with the Duke of Brunswick, who, in the preceding year, had married his aunt the Princess Augusta. His Royal Highness's installation did not take place until the 25th of June, 1771, when he was joined in that ceremony by his brother the late Duke of York, his uncles, the Dukes of Cumberland, Mecklenburg, and Brunswick, the Dukes of Marlborough and Grafton, and the Earls of Albemarle and Gower. At the early age of three years the Prince of Wales received, and, having been instructed by his father, replied in a few words to an address presented by the Society of Ancient Britons; and in 1769 a drawing-room was held in his name and that of the Princess Royal. In the general course of the royal economy, the young Princes were kept in the greatest privacy at Kew. In that circle was the Prince's childhood passed under the care of Lady Charlotte Finch, superintended by the Queen herself, until, in 1771, a separate establishment was formed for the education of the Prince of Wales and his next brother the Bishop of Osnaburgh. Robert Earl of Holderness was appointed their Governor, Mr. Leonard Smelt their Subgovernor; Dr. Markham (at the same period made Bishop of Chester), and the celebrated Dr. Cyril Jackson, both of Oxford, undertook the task of tuition. These parties continued in office until 1776, when there was a total change. Lord Bruce (the late Earl of Ailesbury) was for one week the Governor; but on the 8th of June it was announced that "the King has been pleased to appoint his Grace George Duke of Montagu to be Governor; Richard Lord Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, Preceptor; Lieut. Col. George Hotham, Sub-Governor; and the Rev. William Arnald, B.D. Sub-Preceptor, to their Royal Highnesses George-Augustus-Frederick Prince of Wales, and Prince Frederick Bishop of Osnaburg." Bishop Hurd and Mr. Arnald were both Cambridge men. Previously to this change Carlton-house had been repaired and fitted up for the young Princes; a stated sum, by way of privy-purse, was given to each, and a weekly account of expenditure returned. 78 OBITUARY.-His Majesty King George the Fourth. At the end of 1781 the Prince lost the companionship of his brother, the late Duke of York, who was then sent abroad in order to complete his military education. The close attachment which had grown in childhood, continued, however, unabated during every period of their joint lives. The system which the King had adopted for the education of his son was highly beneficial while it was in operation, and so far as sound scholarship was concerned. Confining the Prince to his studies with almost mʊnastic seclusion and severity, it caused his ready mind to accumulate an unusual store of valuable knowledge. But no sooner did its operation cease, than it was found to produce effects which its royal author, and his noble and reverend agents, were the first to discern and deplore. It had too long shut out the world from the view of the Prince, and, by not graduating his advance towards the public scenes of life, rendered those scenes, when at last he was at liberty to survey them as he pleased, too novel and enchanting, too luxuriant and overpowering. His tutors and governors had scarcely loosened the rein, before they were required altogether to drop it; numbers of a perfectly opposite character were in waiting to celebrate his freedom, and administer to his gratification and delight. Among them were certain individuals, celebrated for the splendour of their talents and vices, and in their earliest intercourse with the Prince, much more ready to corrupt his morals by the one, than to enlarge and elevate his mind by the other. Here we must look for the origin of those painful misunderstandings which took place between the Sovereign and the Heir Apparent. The early friends of the Prince were in avowed opposition to his Majesty's Government, and soon infused their hatred of Ministers and their jealousy of the King into the unsuspecting mind and susceptible heart of their illustrious protegé. On political grounds alone the King had reason to be incensed at their influence over his son; but when to this was added the moral injury they were inflicting on one whom the pious father wished above all things to train for God and his country, it cannot surprise, that, wounded by their arts in his royal, his paternal, and christian feelings, he should have set his face as a flint against the men, and treated with rigour the son who had made them his companions and friends. On the Prince attaining his majority, in 1783, he was appointed a Colonel in the army, the highest military rank his [July, father ever allowed him to hold. The ceremonial of his introduction into the House of Lords by his uncle the Duke of Cumberland, and the Dukes of Richmond and Portland, will be seen in our vol. LIII. p. 976. At the same time a message from the King desired the Commons to provide for his Royal Highness a suitable income, and a sum sufficient for the formation of an establishment appropriate to his station. For the latter purpose 60,000l. was granted; and for the former the annual sum of 50,000, being only one-half of what had been allowed to his grandfather when money was of greater value. The narrowness of this provision was condemned by one party as likely to lead to great inconvenience; and applauded by another as showing a proper regard to the already intolerable burdens of the people. One portion of the Coalition ministry who were then in power, warmly argued for an allowance of 100,000l. a year. The Prince himself interposed, and insisted that the settlement should be left solely to the discretion of the Sovereign. The Prince's expenditure, however, exceeded 64,000l. ; and the debts incurred by the alterations of Carlton House, and other arrangements, made his total annual outlay in money and credit fully amount to 100,0001. His difficulties increased so fast, that three years after his settlement he applied to the King for assistance. A schedule of the Prince's debts was, by the King's command, laid before him; but, whatever might be the nature of the document, some of the items were so inconsistent with the strict moral principles of George the Third, that the ne gotiation ended in a positive refusal of relief. A determination was then taken by the Prince to live on 10,000l. a year, and dedicate 40,000l. annually to the jquidation of his debts until all were discharged. In this resolution, which some loudly applauded and others more strongly condemned, his Royal Highness strictly persevered for nine months. But in the session of 1787 the King and his ministers were induced to give way to the presumed wishes of Parliament; and by the consequent negotiations, a promise was given to pay the debts, to make allowance for the works at Carlton House, and to add 10,000l. a year to the Prince's income; whilst on the other side there was a formal engagement to abstain from future involvements. We now arrive at the memorable discussions which arose on the question of a regency. The king, whose first_at 1830.] OBITUARY.-His Majesty King George the Fourth. tack in 1765 had proved him liable to the disease of mental alienation, experienced in 1789 a more serious return of the malady. It found the Government unprovided with a remedy. The friends of the Prince insisted on his inherent abstract right to assume the reins of Government. Fox was recalled from a tour on the continent to thunder forth his eloquent indignation against the opposers of the heir apparent. Sheridan and Burke united their immortal powers of oratory in the same cause. Yet, against this phalanx of talent, Pitt was victorious; he succeeded in passing resolutions that the placing the executive power in the Prince's hands was a matter of discretion, not of right; that that power should be limited by numer ous restrictions; and, above all, that the person and property of the King should be confided to the guardianship of another-namely, the Queen. The Prince accepted the regency on terms dictated by the House of Commons; but the discussions in the House of Lords were not concluded before these arrangements were most happily frustrated by the King's recovery. the In 1792, when the principles of the French revolution had made such alarming progress, that to withstand their influence some active demonstrations were considered necessary, one of the measures adopted by the ministry was a royal proclamation for the suppression of seditious publications and incendiary societies, which the two Houses of Parliament were to support by addresses. At this anxious period, when most men deemed it incumbent upon them to take their side, and even the indifferent were stimulated to exert themselves in defence of good order, the Prince, who had so much in prospect to lose, was induced for the first time to vote in favour of ministers, and moreover for the first time to deliver his sentiments in the House of Lords. The substance of this his maiden speech will be found in our vol. LXIII. p. 1169. United with decided assertions that he would support the integrity of the constitution, he declared "I exist by the love, the friendship, and the benevolence of the people, and their cause I will never forsake as long as I live." This speech tended considerably to restore his popularity. It was said to be composed by the Duke of Portland. In the mean time the Prince of Wales's debts had been again accumulating. They urged him to make another application to his father for assistance. The King, who entertained the hope that marriage might tend to steady and re 79 form the habits of his Royal Highness, replied that it was with that plea alone that the country could be brought to listen to this repeated demand. After considerable hesitation the Prince was induced to consent; and the King selected for the bride his niece the Princess Caroline of Brunswick-a most unfortunate choice. The marriage ceremony took place in the Chapel Royal, St. James's, on the 8th of April, 1795; when all the royal family, except the Duke of York, then in Flanders, were present, and the Duke of Clarence gave away the bride. On this occasion the revenue of the Prince was raised to 125,000l. besides the receipts of the Duchy of Cornwall, 28,000% for jewels and plate, and 26,000%. for the furniture of Carlton House. On the 7th January, 1796, the Princess of Wales gave birth to a daughter, the late Princess Charlotte. The royal parents had early evinced a mutual distaste, and three months after this occurrence a final separation took place, and the Princess formed a distinct establishment on Blackheath. On the 18th of July, 1796, the Prince was appointed Colonel of the 10th light dragoons, afterwards made a regiment of hussars. In 1802 Mr. Manners Sutton, (the present Lord Manners,) then Solicitorgeneral to the Prince of Wales, moved for a committee to enquire into the appropriation of the arrears of the Duchy of Cornwall, the revenues of which, although of right belonging to the heir apparent from the period of his birth, had been intercepted by the Crown, until the last arrangement of the Prince's income at his marriage. (See Mr. Manners Sutton's statement in our vol, LXXII. p. 260, and a subsequent debate, ibid. p. 566.) The motion received considerable support, but was lost by a minority of 103 to 160. In the following February, however, the Prince's affairs were again brought before Parliament; when Mr. Pitt stated, that the amount of his Royal Highness's debts paid off since 1795 to that time was 563,1957., and that the residue was 235,754, which, under the continuance of the present plan, would be discharged in July, 1806. He further remarked, that his Highness had passed a fifth part of his life in embarrassment and obscurity." The minister then proposed that an annuity of 60,000l. in addition to his income, should be granted to the Prince, for three years and a half, out of the consolidated fund. On this his Royal Highness relinquished his Cornwall claim, Mr. Sheridan re 80 OBITUARY.-His Majesty King George the Fourth. marking, that "his inducements were the glorious uncertainty of the law, (was this the first employment of that now proverbial expression?) and a wish not to add to the burdens of the people." In July of the same year (1803), the Prince of Wales addressed a letter to bis Majesty, requesting, in contemplation of the threatened invasion, a military command suitable to his rank. This the King was pleased to refuse; at the same time reminding his son, that, "should the implacable enemy so far succeed as to land, you will have an opportunity of showing your zeal at the head of your regiment." The royal correspondence on this occasion the Prince (who is said to have been assisted in the composition of his letters by Mr. Sheridan and Dr. Parr,) thought proper to publish, and it will be found in our vol. LXXIII. pp. 1172, 1244. His Royal Highness had previously in 1796, when the Duke of York was commanding in the Netherlands, been refused permission to join the Duke, in company with his friend Lord Moira. On the 2d of May, 1810, the University of Oxford conferred on the Prince of Wales, by diploma, the degree of D.C.L. This compliment was probably suggested by a present which his Royal Highness had recently made the University, of four rolls of papyri from Portici. (see our vol. LXXX. i. 230, 439.) The final illness of King George the Third began early in October, 1810; and was first announced to Parliament on the 29th of November. A fortnight's adjournment in both houses was in the first instance carried. A committee was then chosen to examine his Majesty's physicians; and, after a keen discussion, the Regency Bill at length became a law on the 5th of February. On this the Prince of Wales immediately assumed the reins of government, under certain restrictions which terminated on the 1st of February, 1812. As the opposition to the restrictions was conducted in concert with the Prince, some surprise was manifested on his continuance in office of the Perceval Administration. In a letter which was published at the time, his Royal Highness apprized Mr. Perceval, "that the irresistible impulse of filial duty and affection to his beloved and afflicted father, leads him to dread that any act of the Regent might, in the smallest degree, have the effect of interfering with the progress of his Sovereign's recovery, and that this consideration alone dictates the decision now communicated to Mr. Perceval." Still, when the restrictions expired, and the Prince became vested with (July, the full powers of Sovereignty, he did not withdraw his confidence from the Perceval Administration. The assassination of Mr. Perceval, May 11, 1812, led Mr. Stuart Wortley to move an address, praying his Royal Highness to take such measures as might be best calculated to form an efficient Administration. The address was carried against Ministers, and the answer returned was, that his Royal Highness would take the address into serious and immediate consideration. Expectations of a new Ministry were generally entertained, and the Prince successively gave directions to the Marquis Wellesley and Lord Moira, to negotiate with Lords Grey and Grenville. No such arrangement being found feasible, on the 8th of June the Earl of Liverpool stated in the House of Lords, that the Prince Regent had on that day appointed him First Lord of the Treasury; and the Liverpool Administration was immediately formed. On the 30th of November, the Prince Regent, now unfettered by restrictions, made his first speech from the throne. The reign of George the Fourth,dating its commencement (as may fairly be done) from this period, is full of glorious events; but we have not space to enter here into the history of the country. The policy of Great Britain had, with perseverance beyond example, consistently opposed itself first to the revolutionary principles of France, and afterwards single-handed to its great autocrat and the tyrant of Europe, Napoleon Buonaparte; King George the Third was not, however, permitted to witness the triumph of his policy. The successful campaigns of Wellington took place in the earlier years of the Regency. On the downfall of the Emperor of the French in 1814, the two victorious sovereigns, the Emperor of Russia and the King of Prussia, became the guests of the Prince Regent of Great Britain. The final overthrow of Napoleon was, in the following year, the work of British arms. On the 24th of July, 1815, as a mark of his high approbation of the distinguished bravery and good conduct of the 1st and 2d life-guards at the battle of Waterloo, the Prince was pleased to declare himself Colonel-in-chief of both those regiments. At the funeral of his royal mother Queen Charlotte, Dec. 2d, 1819, the Prince Regent officiated as chief mourner. On the shortly ensuing death of George the Third, Jan. 29, 1820, his Royal Highness changed his vicarious title of Sovereignty for that of King; his coronation followed July 19, 1821. On the |